Assessment the Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Incidence of Paradoxical Hypertension After Surgical Repair of Aortic Coarctation in Pediatric Patients

OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to assess the effect of dexmedetomidine on the incidence of paradoxical hypertension in patients undergoing aortic coarctation repair. DESIGN Randomized observational study. SETTING University hospital and cardiac center. PATIENTS The study included 108 pediatric patients with isolated aortic coarctation. METHODS The patients were classified into two groups (each = 54): Group D: the patients received dexmedetomidine as a loading dose of 0.5 μg/kg over 10 min followed by infusion 0.3 μg/kg/h during surgery and continued for the first 48 postoperative hours. Group C: The patients received an equal amount of normal saline. The medication was prepared by the nursing staff and given to anesthetist blindly. The collected data included the heart rate, systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressure, incidence, onset, severity and treatment of paradoxical hypertension, fentanyl dose and end-tidal sevoflurane concentration, amount of blood loss and urine output. MAIN RESULTS The heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly with dexmedetomidine than Group C (P < 0.05). The incidence and severity of the paradoxical hypertension was lower with dexmedetomidine than Group C (P = 0.011, P = 0.017, respectively). The onset the paradoxical hypertension was earlier in Group C than dexmedetomidine (P = 0.026). The dose of fentanyl and sevoflurane concentration decreased significantly with dexmedetomidine (P = 0.034, P = 0.026, respectively). The blood loss decreased with dexmedetomidine (P = 0.020) and the urine output increased with dexmedetomidine (P = 0.024). The incidence of hypotension and bradycardia was more with dexmedetomidine (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Dexmedetomidine is safe in pediatric patients undergoing aortic coarctation repair. It minimized the incidence and severity of paradoxical hypertension. It decreased the required antihypertensive medications.